Maturita 2026

Vzhled

Stáhnout jako MD

State and Society ​

1. What is society? ​

  • A group of people sharing the same place, language, customs, government and laws.
  • It’s how individuals live together and follow shared rules.
  • Modern societies are usually multicultural and diverse.

2. Czech political system (basic facts) ​

  • Parliamentary democracy.
  • Head of state: President – elected directly, 5-year term, max. 2 terms. (currently Petr Pavel, since 2023).
  • Head of government: Prime Minister – leads the cabinet.
  • Parliament: bicameral
    • Poslanecká sněmovna (Chamber of Deputies) – 200 MPs, 4-year term, proportional representation.
    • Senát (Senate) – 81 senators, 6-year term, ⅓ re-elected every 2 years.
  • Judicial power: independent courts; Ústavní soud (Constitutional Court).
  • Member of the EU since 2004 and of NATO since 1999.

3. UK political system ​

  • Constitutional monarchy – King Charles III is head of state, mostly symbolic.
  • Parliament: House of Commons (elected) and House of Lords (appointed/hereditary).
  • PM is head of government, leads the Cabinet.
  • Two main parties: Conservative (right) and Labour (left).

4. US political system ​

  • Federal presidential republic – 50 states.
  • Three branches (separation of powers):
    • Executive: President + cabinet.
    • Legislative: Congress = Senate (100, 2/state) + House of Representatives (435).
    • Judicial: Supreme Court (9 justices, lifetime).
  • Two main parties: Democrats and Republicans.

5. Common social problems ​

  • Economic: poverty, unemployment, inflation, rising cost of living, housing crisis.
  • Social: drug abuse, alcoholism, domestic violence, divorce, ageing population.
  • Crime: theft, vandalism, corruption, organised crime, cybercrime.
  • Global: terrorism, war, migration crisis, climate change, disinformation.

6. How families have changed ​

  • Smaller families, often only one child, sometimes none.
  • More single-parent families and patchwork families (after divorce).
  • Children are more independent earlier and have more choices.
  • Parents act more like friends than authorities.
  • Both parents typically work.

7. Generations and society ​

  • Children & teens – energy, openness to new ideas, tech-savvy.
  • Working-age adults – run the economy, raise children.
  • Elderly people – provide experience, link to the past; ageing population is a challenge.

8. Pressure on teenagers ​

  • School results, choosing a career, social media comparison.
  • Peer pressure, alcohol, drugs.
  • Body image, mental health issues (anxiety, depression).
  • Climate anxiety, uncertainty about the future.

9. Technology and society ​

  • Positive: easier communication, access to information, online education, remote work, medical advances.
  • Negative: screen addiction, exposure to violent / extreme content, loss of privacy, fake news, social isolation.

10. Media and society ​

  • Traditional media: TV, radio, newspapers.
  • New media: social media, YouTube, podcasts, news websites.
  • Media shapes opinions – risk of manipulation, disinformation, filter bubbles.

11. A good member of society ​

  • Obeys the law, pays taxes, respects others.
  • Helps others, especially the vulnerable (poor, elderly, disabled).
  • Respects rules, traditions, the environment.
  • Doesn’t steal, vandalise, or harm.
  • Votes and gets involved in the community.

12. Civic participation ​

  • Voting in elections.
  • Volunteering – charities, sport clubs, NGOs.
  • Protests / petitions to express opinions.
  • NGOs active in CZ: Člověk v tísni, Charita, ADRA, Greenpeace.

13. Speaking strategy ​

Define society, then describe the Czech political system clearly (use de jure vs de facto, executive / legislative / judicial). Compare briefly with the UK or USA. Move to social problems, then to how families and technology change society. Finish with what makes a good citizen.