Maturita 2026

Vzhled

Stáhnout jako MD

Output Devices ​

1. What an output device is ​

  • A device that takes processed data from the computer and presents it to the user in a form they can perceive (visual, audio, tactile, physical).

2. Categories ​

  • Visual: monitors, projectors, printers, plotters, VR / AR headsets.
  • Audio: speakers, headphones, earbuds.
  • Physical: printers, 3D printers, plotters, robotic arms.
  • Haptic / tactile: vibration motors, force-feedback controllers, braille displays.

3. Monitors / displays ​

  • The main visual output of a computer.
  • Technologies:
    • LCD – common, backlit liquid crystals.
    • LED – LCD with LED backlight (today the standard term).
    • OLED – each pixel emits its own light, deeper blacks, used in premium phones and TVs.
    • CRT – old tube monitors, obsolete.
    • E-ink – low power, used in Kindle e-readers.
  • Parameters: resolution (Full HD, 4K, 8K), refresh rate (60 / 144 / 240 Hz), response time, panel type (IPS, VA, TN), aspect ratio (16:9, 21:9).
  • Connections: HDMI, DisplayPort, USB-C, DVI, VGA.

4. Projectors ​

  • Display the image on a wall or projection screen.
  • Used in classrooms, offices, home cinemas.
  • DLP, LCD, LCoS, laser technologies.

5. Printers ​

  • Produce physical (hard) copies of digital data.
  • Inkjet – good for colour photos, cheaper printer but more expensive ink.
  • Laser – fast, sharp text, cheaper per page; mono and colour versions.
  • Thermal – receipts (no ink, heat-sensitive paper).
  • Dot matrix – very old, still used for carbon copies (invoices).
  • 3D printers – build physical objects layer by layer (FDM, SLA).
  • Plotters – draw large precise drawings (architecture, engineering).
  • Multifunction devices (MFP) – print, scan, copy, fax.

6. Speakers & headphones ​

  • Convert electrical signal back into sound.
  • Speakers: stereo, 2.1, 5.1, 7.1 surround, soundbars, smart speakers (Alexa, Google Home).
  • Headphones / earphones / earbuds – wired (3.5 mm jack, USB-C) or wireless (Bluetooth).
  • Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) – AirPods Pro, Sony WH-1000XM.

7. VR / AR / MR devices ​

  • VR (Virtual Reality) – fully replaces vision with virtual world (Meta Quest, Valve Index, Vision Pro).
  • AR (Augmented Reality) – overlays digital content onto the real world (Apple Vision Pro, smartphone AR).
  • Used in gaming, training, education, medicine, design.

8. Haptic / tactile feedback ​

  • Vibration motors in phones and controllers.
  • Force feedback in steering wheels and joysticks.
  • Braille displays – output for visually impaired users.

9. Other physical output ​

  • Robotic actuators – motors, servos, hydraulic / pneumatic systems in robotics and industry.
  • Smart-home actuators – smart locks, thermostats, smart blinds.

10. Devices that are both input and output (I/O) ​

  • Touchscreens – display + touch input.
  • Multifunction printers – scan (input) + print (output).
  • Headset with microphone.
  • VR headsets – screen + motion tracking + audio.

11. Useful vocabulary ​

  • Display, screen, resolution, pixel, frame rate.
  • High-resolution, HD / Full HD / 4K / 8K.
  • Print quality (DPI – dots per inch), toner, cartridge.
  • Surround sound, stereo, mono, headset, mute.
  • Glare, brightness, contrast, colour gamut.

12. Speaking strategy ​

Start with the definition: output = computer → user. List categories with examples. Cover monitors (most important) in detail, then printers, then audio (speakers / headphones). Mention VR / AR as modern and 3D printers as an exciting form of physical output.