# Transport
### 1. Classification of Transport

- Transport can be divided into:
    - **Private vs. public** (e.g. car vs. bus)
    - **Personal vs. freight** (people vs. goods)
    - **Land, air and sea**
- **Land transport:** cars, trucks, motorbikes (BrE) / motorcycles (AmE), bicycles, trams, underground / tube (BrE) / subway (AmE) / metro, trains.
- **Air transport:** mainly aeroplanes (BrE) / airplanes (AmE).
- **Sea transport:** ferries, ocean liners, yachts, ships.

### 2. Means I use

- I don’t have a car, so I get around **on foot / by bus / by tram**. To school I usually go **by bus / by tram / by underground**.
- For longer distances I prefer **train / bus / coach / plane** depending on price, comfort and speed.
- I sometimes ride a bike because it’s **quick, cheap and eco-friendly**.

### 3. Train (rail) – pros & cons

- **Pros:** city-centre to city-centre, scenic countryside, more room than a bus, you can move around, better for the environment than planes.
- **Cons:** usually slower / more expensive than other means, old / smelly / dirty carriages (BrE) / passenger cars (AmE).

### 4. Bus / Coach – pros & cons

- **Pros:** cheaper, often faster, more comfortable, much greener than flying; on a long-distance coach you can relax and enjoy the scenery.
- **Cons:** little leg room, can break down, get cramped, get stuck in a traffic jam.

### 5. Plane – pros & cons

- **Pros:** fast, quite comfortable on long routes.
- **Cons:** lots of pollution, long check-in, airports out of town, possible delays / cancellations, can cause ear problems / stomach pain / headache, fear of flying.
- **Procedure:** be at the airport ~2 hours before, check in luggage, go through security; extra baggage = extra fee.

### 6. Car – pros & cons

- **Pros:** freedom (when, where, how much luggage, what music), flexibility to change route.
- **Cons:** parking, traffic jams, repairs when it breaks down, insurance, petrol (BrE) / gas (AmE), road tolls / motorway sticker (in CZ: dálniční známka).

### 7. Public transport

- **Pros:** more economical and convenient than driving alone, better for the environment.
- **Cons:** limited by schedule, can be crowded.
- **Ticket types:** single (BrE) / one-way (AmE), return (BrE) / round-trip (AmE), day / monthly / annual pass; students and pensioners get a **discount / concession**.

### 8. Behaviour on public transport

- Don’t talk loudly, don’t wear dirty clothes, don’t take two seats, don’t open windows without asking.
- Offer your seat to elderly / disabled / pregnant / small children.
- Smoking is forbidden on all public transport.

### 9. Key vocabulary (BrE vs AmE)

- aeroplane / airplane, motorbike / motorcycle, underground (tube) / subway, carriage / passenger car, single ticket / one-way ticket, return ticket / round-trip ticket, petrol / gas, motorway / highway, queue / wait in line, hand luggage / carry-on luggage.

### 10. Useful adjectives

- fast, high-speed, slow, environmentally-friendly, long-distance, direct, safe, comfortable, convenient, efficient, crowded, dangerous, affordable, cheap.

### 11. Speaking strategy

Start with the classification (private/public, land/air/sea), then describe what you use yourself. Compare two means using **A is faster than B, but less comfortable than…** Finish with an opinion on the future of transport (electric cars, high-speed rail, fewer flights for the environment).